2.1    Basis of preparation of financial statements

These financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis except for certain financial instruments which are measured at fair values. GAAP comprises mandatory accounting standards as prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ('Act').

The accounts have been prepared on historical cost basis using the accrual basis of accounting. The preparation of financial statements as per this policy requires the Management to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) as on the date of the financial statements and the reported income and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results could differ from these estimates.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of services and the time between the acquisition of assets/ inputs for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the company has ascertained its normal operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current/ non current classification of assets and liabilities.

2.2   Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when no significant uncertainty exists as to either the measurement or ultimate realization of the same.

Revenue from Operations

i.   Revenue from contracts for development or customization of software is measured using the proportionate completion method and are recognised, provided at the time of performance it is not unreasonable to expect ultimate collection. 

ii.   Revenue from sale of software/ software licenses which do not involve any customization are recognized upon delivery of the software to the clients and subscription income is recognized as revenue are recognised over the period of the subscription.

iii.  Revenue from advertisement, data conversion services is recognised after the performance of the services and it is not unreasonable to expect ultimate collection.

iv.  Revenues from maintenance and content contracts are recognised on a straight line basis over the period of the contract.

v.   Royalty income is recognised as and when right to receive royalty is established.

vi.  When the uncertainty, relating to the collectability arises subsequent to the rendering of the service, a separate provision is made to reflect the uncertainty and the amount of revenue originally recorded is not adjusted.

vii. Unbilled revenue included in 'Other current assets', represents amounts in respect of services performed in accordance with contract terms, not yet billed to customers at the year end. Income billed in advance included in 'Other current liabilities' represents amounts received/billed in excess of the value of work performed in accordance with the terms of the contracts with customers.

Other Income

i.      Interest on Bank deposits is recognized on accrual basis.

ii.     Rental income is recorded on accrual basis.

iii.    Any other income is recognized on accrual basis, when no significant uncertainty as to measurability or collectability exists.

2.3   Fixed Assets

Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at the cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes incidental expenses incurred during the acquisition/installation, and excludes taxes and duties for which credit has been claimed.

Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such asset and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment.

Capitalisation of Expenses incurred for development of software:

Costs incurred in the development of proprietary software products have been classified and grouped under the heads "Software Developed In-House" & "Intangible Assets under Development" under Fixed Assets as per the recognition criteria laid down under AS 26 . Expenditure on research is recognised as an expense when it is incurred. Development costs of products are also charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss unless all the criteria for capitalisation as set out in AS 26 -Intangible Assets' have been met by the Company.

2.4   Depreciation & Amortization

Tangible fixed assets are depreciated on straight line basis over the useful life as specified in Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013. Individual assets whose cost does not exceed ` 5,000/- are depreciated fully in the year of purchase.

Leasehold Property is being amortised over the remaining leasehold period on straight-line basis.

Software products both proprietary and purchased are amortized over a period of 5 to 6 years on straight line basis, the amortization commences once the said product is available for use.

The useful lives used by the Company on various assets are as below:

2.5    Impairments

At each Balance Sheet date, the company assesses whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, management estimates the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of an asset's net selling price and value in use. Value in use is the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss to the extent carrying amount exceeds recoverable amount. Assessment is also done at each Balance sheet date as to whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods may no longer exist or many have decreased.

2.6   Investments

Long term investments are stated at cost, and provision for diminution is made when in the management's opinion there is a decline, other than temporary, in the carrying value of such investments. Short term investments are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

2.7   Provisions and contingent liabilities

The Company creates a provision when there is present obligation as a result of a past event that probably requires an outflow of resources and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. When there is a possible obligation or a present obligation in respect of which the likelihood of outflow of resources is remote, no provision or disclosure is made. Provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources would be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed. Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements.

2.8   Miscellaneous Expenditure including share issue expenses

Preliminary and other miscellaneous expenses and share issue expenses are written off as and when incurred in accordance with the requirements of accounting standard 26.

2.9   Foreign Currency Transactions

The functional currency of the Company is the Indian Rupee (`).

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded using the RBI exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction, with the loss or gain arising on final settlement being adjusted in the Profit & Loss A/c.

The monetary items denominated in the foreign currency as at the end of the year are translated using the RBI exchange rates prevailing on the date of the balance sheet and the corresponding loss or gain on translation adjusted in the Profit & Loss A/c.

2.10 Prepaid Expenses

Expenses which are incurred in one year and which spill over to the subsequent years are recognised as prepaid on proportionate basis.

2.11  Employee Benefits

Short-term employee benefits including salaries, wages, bonus and other benefits are recognized as expenses at the actual value as per contractual terms & charged to the profit and Loss Account for the year in which the related service is rendered.

The employees are eligible for leave as per leave policy of the company. The un-utilised leave can be carried forward and utilised during the course of employment. No encashment is allowed of unutilised leave. The obligation for the leave encashment is recognised based on an independent actuarial valuation at the Balance Sheet date. The expense is recognized in the statement of profit and loss at the present value of the amount payable determined based on actuarial valuation using "projected unit credit method".

The Company has provided for gratuity payable to employees on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary as per Projected Unit Credit Method carried out at the closed of the year. The Company makes annual contributions in respect of those employees who have completed five years in service, to the Group Gratuity Cash Accumulation Scheme of the LIC, which is a funded defined benefit plan.

2.12 Taxation

Tax expense for the year comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Current tax is measured by the amount of tax expected to be paid to the taxation authorities on the taxable profits after considering tax allowances and exemptions and using applicable tax rates and laws. Deferred tax is recognised on timing differences between the accounting income and the taxable income for the year and quantified using the tax rates and tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as on the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised and carried forward to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. Deferred tax assets in respect of unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward losses are recognised only to the extent there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date for any write down or reversal, as considered appropriate.

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. Such asset is reviewed at each balance sheet date and the carrying amount of the MAT credit asset is written down to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amount and there is an intention to settle the asset and liability on a net basis.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off assets against liabilities representing the current tax and where the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing taxation laws.

2.13  Leases

Where the Company as a lessor leases assets under finance leases, such amounts are recognised as receivables at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease and the finance income is recognised based on a constant rate of return on the outstanding net investment.

Assets leased by the Company in its capacity as lessee where substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership vest in the Company are classified as finance leases. Such leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments and a liability is created for an equivalent amount. Each lease rental paid is allocated between the liability and the interest cost so as to obtain a constant periodic rate of interest on the outstanding liability for each year.

Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognised as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis.

2.14 Service Tax and GST

Service tax is accounted in accordance with the Guidance note on Accounting of Service Tax issued by ICAI. Accordingly input credit to the extent not utilized for payment of service tax accounted as asset as it would be available for adjustment against Service Tax payable in the future.

With effect from 01st July 2017, Goods and Service Tax Act was made effective replacing Value Added Tax and Service Tax provisions. The Goods and Services Tax, namely CGST, SGST and IGST, hereinaftered referred to as GST, was levied on the services rendered by the Company on the similar lines as was Service tax was levied. The unutilised Cenvat credit as on 30th June 2017 was transferred under the GST provisions. The unutilised input credit under the GST provisions as on the balance sheet date was disclosed as other current asset in the balance sheet.

2.15 Segment reporting

The Company identifies primary segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation and management structure. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the executive Management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The accounting policies adopted for segment reporting are in line with the accounting policies of the Company. Segment revenue, segment expenses, segment assets and segment liabilities have been identified to segments on the basis of their relationship to the operating activities of the segment.

Inter-segment revenue is accounted on the basis of transactions which are primarily determined based on market/fair value factors.

Revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities which relate to the Company as a whole and are not allocable to segments on reasonable basis have been included under "unallocated revenue/expenses/assets/ liabilities".

2.16 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit / (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit/ (loss) after tax (including the post tax effect of extraordinary items, if any) as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Potential equity shares are deemed to be dilutive only if their conversion to equity shares would decrease the net profit per share from continuing ordinary operations. Potential dilutive equity shares are deemed to be converted as at the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date. The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. average market value of the outstanding shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for share splits / reverse share splits and bonus shares, as appropriate.

2.17 Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes.

2.18 Accounting for Employee Stock Options

Stock options granted to employees of IRIS Business Services Limited and its subsidiaries under the stock option schemes approved by the shareholders of the company on September 13, 2017 are accounted as per the treatment prescribed by the Guidance Note on Employee Share-based Payments issued by the Institute of Chartered Accounts of India as required by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Share Based Employee Benefits) Regulations, 2014. The fair value of the option being stock option granted for purchase could be exchanged between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm's length transaction is recognised as deferred employee compensation with a credit to share options outstanding account. The Expense on deferred employee compensation is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the vesting period of the option. The options that lapse are reversed by a credit to Expense on Employee Stock Option Scheme, equal to the amortized portion of value of lapsed portion and a debit to share options outstanding account equal to the un-amortised portion.

2.19 Cash and Bank Balance

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, demand deposits with banks and other short term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.